Michael Wolgin

NINTH CIRCUIT AFFIRMS ORDER COMPELLING ARBITRATION OF PUTATIVE CLASS ACTION, DESPITE LITIGATION FORUM SELECTION CLAUSE IN RELATED CONTRACT

November 10, 2016 by Michael Wolgin

Two purported class representatives appealed an order compelling arbitration in their putative class action lawsuit against Amazon Services, LLC. The court affirmed, holding that the named plaintiffs agreed to Amazon’s “Business Solutions Agreement,” which contained an arbitration clause agreeing to arbitrate “any dispute” relating to the BSA or use of Amazon’s services. The court was not persuaded by the plaintiffs’ argument that a second “Marketplace Participation Agreement” agreement that they signed, which contained a litigation forum selection clause, took precedence over the arbitration clause in the BSA. The court rejected the argument that the MPA was a separately defined “Program Policy” that was superior to the BSA, finding that the MPA was an inferior “Seller Agreement” within the meaning of the BSA. The court further found that the fact that one of the parties signed the MPA before signing the BSA was immaterial; the BSA and its arbitration provisions represented the parties “entire agreement,” which superseded all prior agreements. Peters v. Amazon Services, LLC, Case No. 14-35294 (9th Cir. Oct. 13, 2016).

This post written by Michael Wolgin.

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COURT CONFIRMS AWARD, HOLDS ARBITRATOR DID NOT ERR IN DETERMINING VESTING STATUS OF FORMER EXECUTIVE’S SHARES

November 9, 2016 by Michael Wolgin

The case arose from an arbitration initiated under an employment agreement, after the chief operating officer of ACP Investment Group resigned. Addressing a provision in the agreement that required the COO’s forfeiture of only his unvested shares, the arbitrator determined that out of approximately 3 million shares that the COO had accrued, just over 2 million had vested. However, the arbitrator refused to value these shares or order their disposition because she believed that part of the dispute was outside the purview of the arbitration clause.

After the award, ACP sought clarification in a letter, asking the arbitrator whether the portions of the award addressing the vesting status of the COO’s shares were non-binding dicta, and arguing that the arbitrator’s determination was outside the jurisdiction of the American Arbitration Association. The arbitrator denied ACP’s request, reasoning that because the employment contract provided only for forfeiture of the COO’s unvested shares, she was acting within the scope of her authority by determining the vesting status of the shares.

ACP sought a temporary restraining order, which the court denied, and the COO moved to confirm the arbitration award. ACP argued that the arbitrator exceeded her scope, disregarded terms of the employment agreement, and that there were procedural irregularities during arbitration. The court dismissed ACP’s arguments, confirming the award, holding that the vesting determination was squarely within the scope of the arbitrator’s authority. The court also noted the great deference given by federal courts to arbitral panels, as well as the lack of any “abundantly clear” improper procedure at play. ACP Investment Group, LLC et al v. Blake, Case No. 15-CV-9364 (USDC S.D.N.Y. Oct. 13, 2016).

This post written by Gail Jankowski, a law clerk at Carlton Fields in Washington, DC.

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FIFTH CIRCUIT REMANDS TO DETERMINE WHETHER JURISDICTION EXISTED FOR APPEAL OF DENIAL OF MOTION TO COMPEL ARBITRATION

November 8, 2016 by Michael Wolgin

The underlying dispute involved allegations of breach of warranty and deceptive trade practices based on a sale of an allegedly defective car. The Fifth Circuit explained that the FAA, which governed the alleged arbitration agreement in the purchase contact, does not supply jurisdiction in the federal courts, that there was no federal question jurisdiction here, and that there was insufficient information in the record to show that diversity jurisdiction existed. The court ruled: “This Court is not satisfied, based on the record before it, that AutoNation does not share citizenship with the [plaintiffs]. For that reason, we VACATE the district court’s order and REMAND for a determination of subject matter jurisdiction. If diversity is not established, the district court must dismiss the parties’ suit.” Roman v. AutoNation Ford Gulf Freeway, Case No. 16-20047 (5th Cir. Oct. 13, 2016).

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NINTH CIRCUIT REVERSES CONFIRMATION OF ARBITRATION AWARD, REQUIRES EVIDENCE AS TO CONTRACT INTERPRETATION

November 7, 2016 by Michael Wolgin

The hotel management agreement (HMA) between hotel manager Four Seasons and hotel owner Burton Way provided that Four Seasons could not license any of the “Four Seasons Operational Benefits” within 14 miles of the Four Seasons Los Angeles, but provided an exception permitting Four Seasons to “manage or operate” the Regent Beverly Wilshire hotel. A dispute arose as to whether Four Seasons’ provision of Four Seasons Operational Benefits to the Regent Beverly Wilshire was permitted under the “manage or operate” exception. Both parties at arbitration presented extrinsic evidence as to the interpretation of the exception, and the panel made determinations as to the credibility of both interpretations.

On appeal of the district court’s order confirming the arbitration award, the Ninth Circuit reversed, holding that such fact-finding at summary judgment by the panel was legal error and required an evidentiary hearing. The court also reversed the confirmation of the panel’s determination of sanctions against Four Seasons for spoliation of evidence, remanding for purposes of re-determining the question of prejudice to Burton Way. The Ninth Circuit affirmed, however, on the issues of fiduciary duty and fraudulent inducement. On the issue of fiduciary duty, the court held that it was not legal error for the panel to conclude that negotiations between the two parties over the terms of their management agreement fell outside the scope of the principal-agent relationship. Regarding the inducement claim, the court held that it was not legal error for the panel to conclude that Burton Way waived its fraudulent inducement claim where, despite the fact that it included a clause reserving its claims, it signed a later agreement continuing the relationship. Burton Way Hotels, Ltd. V. Four Seasons Hotels Ltd., Case No. 14-56846 (9th Cir. Oct. 18, 2016).

This post written by Gail Jankowski, a law clerk at Carlton Fields in Washington, DC.

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SECOND CIRCUIT UPHOLDS REFUSAL TO COMPEL ARBITRATION DUE TO UNAVAILABLE FORUM, RECOGNIZING SPLIT IN FEDERAL CIRCUITS

October 20, 2016 by Michael Wolgin

A borrower had previously entered into three payday loan agreements that contained arbitration provisions mandating that all claims be arbitrated in the National Arbitration Forum (NAF), and under the Code of Procedure of the NAF. As of 2009, however, NAF did not accept consumer arbitrations. When the borrower filed a class action lawsuit against certain banking institutions involved with her loans, the banks initially compelled arbitration. When the NAF was unable to serve as the forum for the arbitration, the borrower successfully returned the proceedings back to court. The banks appealed this result to the Second Circuit, contending that section 5 of the FAA, which authorizes the court to substitute an arbitrator if there is a “lapse in the naming of an arbitrator,” permitted the court to substitute arbitrators here. But the Second Circuit disagreed with the banks, ruling that the arbitration in this case contained “numerous indicators that the parties contemplated one thing: arbitration before NAF.” “Further,” the court explained, “the agreement makes no provision for the appointment of a substitute arbitrator should NAF become unavailable.” As to the FAA, the court followed Second Circuit precedent and held that an unavailable forum does not constitute a “lapse” within the meaning of section 5 of the FAA. The court noted that the position of its circuit is aligned with the Eleventh and Fifth Circuits, but at odds with the Seventh and Third Circuits. The court affirmed, ruling that the banks could not enforce the arbitration agreements, and that the borrower’s lawsuit should proceed in court. Moss v. First Premier Bank, et al., Case No. 15-2513-cv (2d Cir. Aug. 29, 2016).

This post written by Michael Wolgin.

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