This ruling addresses the narrow issue of whether or not an appellate court has jurisdiction under the FAA to hear an interlocutory appeal of a decision denying a motion to compel arbitration. In 2004 appellees filed a class action against several American Express companies (collectively, “Amex”) alleging conspiracy to fix fees for transactions in foreign currencies and conspiracy to impose compulsory arbitration clauses on their cardholders in order to suppress competition and deprive their cardholders of a meaningful choice concerning the arbitration of disputes.
Amex moved to compel arbitration pursuant to the arbitration clauses contained in the cardholder agreements. The District Court denied the motion, reasoning that, because the plaintiffs/appellees had raised an antitrust claim concerning the validity of the arbitration clauses, a jury trial was necessary to determine the validity of the arbitration clauses prior to enforcement.
Amex appealed, invoking Section 16 of the FAA, which grants jurisdiction to courts of appeals over interlocutory appeals from refusals to stay an action under 9 U.S.C. § 3 and from denials of petitions to compel arbitration under 9 U.S.C. § 4. Appellees filed a motion to dismiss on the ground that Section 16 of the FAA does not apply in cases where arbitration is required by principles of equitable estoppel.
The Second Circuit denied appellee’s motion to dismiss the appeal, holding that “when a District Court finds that a signatory to a written arbitration agreement is equitably estopped from avoiding arbitration with a non-signatory, the writing requirement of Section 16 of the FAA is met.” Ross v. American Express Company, Case No. 06-4598 (2d Cir. February 13, 2007).