John Pitblado

WHEN $16.5 MILLION IS NOT ENOUGH: INSURER AND REINSURER BATTLE OVER FRONTING ARRANGEMENT

June 15, 2015 by John Pitblado

Lincoln General Insurance Company (“Lincoln”) appealed a district court judgment, despite it having won a $16.5 million dollar tortious interference verdict, to the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals. Lincoln alleged that the district court erred in dismissing various claims before the trial began, including: breach of contract, breach of fiduciary duty, conversion, and derivative liability.

The lawsuit arose from a fronting arrangement whereby Lincoln reinsured 100% of State and County Insurance Company’s (“State”) liabilities. According to the suit, U.S. Auto Insurance Services (“US Auto”) served as general agent to State. For this arrangement, Lincoln expected to receive 10% of premium payments. The rest of expected premium payments were to be divided between US Auto for management services in conjunction with payments to policyholders. Despite paying out less than anticipated for filed claims, Lincoln claimed it lost millions of dollars.

In a morass of procedural history spanning six years, the Fifth Circuit Court reversed the district court’s refusal to alter its judgment to include a breach of contract claim against U.S. Auto. The Fifth Circuit Court also reversed the dismissal of a tortious interference claim against Jim Maxwell. Jim and Doug Maxwell were co-owners of a business that became the recipient of $50 million dollars from US Auto. The Fifth Circuit Court noted that even if one included the more rigorous “active participation” element to tortious interface–a debatable position in Texas—Jim Maxwell’s conduct was tortious. Defendants attempted to skirt this issue altogether by alleging that the tortious interference award was barred by a two-year statute of limitations. The Fifth Circuit Court disagreed, noting that Lincoln filed the action before the limitations period had run out as they “did not and could not have” reasonably known about the facts comprising the tortious interference claim until US Auto became insolvent.

Lincoln Gen. Ins. Co. v. U.S. Auto Ins. Serv., Inc., No: 13-10589 (5th Cir. May, 18, 2015)

This post written by Matthew Burrows, a law clerk at Carlton Fields in Washington, DC.

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MONTANA LAW REVISED TO ALLOW CAPTIVES TO ORGANIZE AS LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES

May 21, 2015 by John Pitblado

On April 28, 2015, Montana Governor Steve Bullock signed into law amendments to Montana’s law regarding captive insurers. Significantly, the amendments make it possible for public entities in Montana to set up captives. Additionally, the amendments allow captives in Montana to be organized as limited liability companies. Such LLCs must be established with a minimum of five members. John Jones, President of the Montana Captive Insurance Association (“MCIA”), called these amendments “meaningful improvements to what is already one of the country’s premier captive domiciles.” The amendments, spearheaded by the MCIA and the Montana Commissioner of Securities and Insurance, aim to make Montana a more attractive destination for companies looking to establish or re-domesticate captives.

This post written by Zach Ludens.

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FIO DIRECTOR TESTIFIES ON THE IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY STANDARDS ON THE COMPETITIVENESS OF U.S. INSURERS

May 20, 2015 by John Pitblado

The Director of the Federal Insurance Office (FIO), Michael McRaith, recently testified before the House Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing and Insurance regarding the impact international regulatory standards have on the competitiveness of United States insurers. Citing to the FIO’s 2014 Annual Report, McRaith noted that, in the aggregate, insurers operating in the U.S. continue to show resilience in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis. At year-end 2013, the life and health sector reported $335 billion in capital and surplus, and the property and casualty sector reported approximately $665 billion in capital and surplus. McRaith testified that the pace of globalization in insurance markets has “increased exponentially and is expected to continue to grow in the coming years.” Due to this global economic growth, many jurisdictions, both developing and well-established, are modernizing insurance supervisory regimes. These jurisdictions include Mexico, Canada, Australia, China, and South Africa.

McRaith cited to a recent agreement among members of the International Association of Insurance Supervisors (IAIS), as publicly described in March 2015, where members agreed on the “ultimate goal” of a single insurance capital standard (ICS) that will include a common methodology by which ICS achieves comparable, i.e., substantially the same, outcomes across jurisdictions. That agreement followed the IAIS October 2014 annual meeting where IAIS adopted an approach to the Basic Capital Requirement (BCR) for globally systemically important insurers. McRaith also noted that the European Commission was recently given the mandate to pursue an agreement with the U.S. to “facilitate trade in reinsurance and related activities” and to “recognize each other’s prudential rules and help supervisors exchange information.” McRaith concluded his testimony by stating that “U.S. insurance authorities are positioned to provide U.S. leadership that complements the shared interest in a well-regulated insurance market that fosters competition, promotes financial stability, and protects consumers.” McRaith’s April 29, 2015, testimony can be found here.

This post written by Renee Schimkat.

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U.S. SUPREME COURT TO HEAR APPEAL ON ENFORCEABILITY OF ARBITRATION AGREEMENTS IN CALIFORNIA

May 18, 2015 by John Pitblado

The United States Supreme Court has granted DIRECTV’s petition for Writ of Certiorari and will hear the following question presented: Whether the California Court of Appeal erred by holding, in direct conflict with the Ninth Circuit, that a reference to state law in an arbitration agreement governed by the Federal Arbitration Act requires the application of state law preempted by the Federal Arbitration Act.

As reported here previously, DIRECTV had moved to dismiss or stay a class action litigation filed against it and to compel individual arbitration pursuant to the arbitration clause contained in DIRECTV’s customer agreements in California, which specifically prohibit class actions. The trial court denied the motion and the California Court of Appeal affirmed. The Court of Appeal focused on the arbitration clause’s non-severability provision and its reference to “state” law to hold that the class-action waiver in the arbitration clause was invalid under California law and the entire arbitration agreement was therefore unenforceable. In its petition, DIRECTV argued that the Court of Appeal did precisely what the Supreme Court’s Concepcion decision prohibits: “It applies state law to invalidate an arbitration agreement solely because that agreement includes a class-action waiver.” DIRECTV further argued that because the decision is in direct conflict with a recent Ninth Circuit decision, creates an acknowledged conflict between state and federal courts on a matter of federal law, and “evinces the very hostility to arbitration that led to the enactment of the FAA in the first place,” the Supreme Court’s review was warranted. Petitioner’s brief on the merits is to be filed with the Court by May 29, 2015, and Respondents’ brief is to be filed by July 17, 2015. The Court is scheduled to hear the case during its October 2015 term. DIRECTV, Inc. v. Imburgia, et al., Case No. 14-462.

This post written by Renee Schimkat.

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OHIO PROPOSED RULE REGARDING ALTERNATIVE RESERVE METHODOLOGY FOR SPECIAL PURPOSE CAPTIVES

May 7, 2015 by John Pitblado

The Ohio Department of Insurance has proposed a new rule, Rule 3901-11-05 (the “Proposed Rule”), to establish a process and method that allow a special purpose financial insurance company captive (a “SPFIC Captive”) to request the use of an alternative reserve methodology other than that found in the National Association of Insurance Commissioner’s (“NAIC”) Accounting Practices and Procedures Manual.

The Proposed Rule requires a request to use an alternative principle-based valuation method to be accompanied by a written actuarial opinion that is signed by the appointed actuary for the SPFIC Captive and the ceding insurer. The Proposed Rule prescribes certain criteria for the alternative reserve methodology being requested:

Must be a principle-based valuation method that uses one or more methods or one or more assumptions proposed by the SPFIC Captive.
Must address all material risks associated with the contracts being valued and their supporting assets and determined capable of materially affecting the valuation of its obligations with respect to the risks assumed. Examples of risks to be included in the principle-based valuation method include but are not limited to risks associated with policyholder behavior, such as lapse and utilization risk, mortality risk, interest rate risk, asset default risk, separate account fund performance, and the risk related to the performance of indices for contractual guarantees.
Must be consistent with current actuarial standards of practice.
Must consider the risk factors, risk analysis methods, and models that are incorporated in the SPFIC Captive’s overall risk assessment process. The overall risk assessment process may include, but is not limited to, asset adequacy testing, GAAP analysis, internal capital evaluation process and internal risk management and solvency assessments.
Must incorporate appropriate margins for uncertainty and/or adverse deviation for any assumptions not stochastically modeled.

The SPFIC Captive is required to provide any information the superintendent may require to assess the proposed alternative methodology. If an alternative methodology is approved by the superintendent, then the SPFIC Captive must use the alternative methodology until, and unless, the superintendent approves an another alternative method. Finally, upon the superintendent’s request, the SPFIC Captive is required to secure the affirmation of an independent qualified actuary that the alternative methodology complies with the criteria set forth in the Proposed Rule. The independent qualified actuary must be approved by the department and provide a written actuarial opinion detailing their affirmation and a report supporting that opinion to the superintendent. The independent qualified actuary report must comply with division (E)(3) of section 3964.03 of the Ohio Revised Code.

This post written by Kelly A. Cruz-Brown.
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